Making a small speaker louder with no power at all

Braeburn Acoustics built machined aluminium cradles that made a phone louder without drawing a single milliamp. This archive keeps the engineering behind passive acoustic amplification: how a horn works, what sets its limit, and how the gain is measured rather than claimed.

Gain stated
up to 8 dB
Power drawn
none
Geometry
Auricle waveguide
Body
aluminium, unibody
Process
CNC milled
Record
2012–2019
Section through a folded horn waveguideA sectional drawing: the driver aperture at the throat on the left, an exponential flare expanding to the mouth on the right, with the duct hatched and the throat, mouth and axial length marked by dimension lines.THROATMOUTHAXIAL LENGTHWALL, MACHINED FROM SOLIDEXPANDING DUCT
Section through a folded horn: throat at the source, exponential flare, mouth to the room

Why geometry alone makes a difference

A loudspeaker the size of a fingernail is poorly matched to the air in front of it. It moves a small amount of air a long way, while the room needs a large amount of air moved a short way. Almost all of the mechanical work the driver performs is reflected back at the diaphragm instead of radiating away as sound.

A horn fixes the mismatch instead of fighting it. By expanding from a throat that matches the driver to a mouth that matches the room, it lets the same cone excursion radiate far more acoustic power. Nothing is added. The energy was always there — a horn simply stops wasting it, which is why passive amplification needs no electricity at all.

Designing a horn, in the order the work actually goes

Each step constrains the next, and the order is not interchangeable — a mouth chosen before a throat is a mouth that will have to be cut again.

  1. Measure what the source does

    Before any geometry, the bare driver is measured at a fixed distance and level. Everything downstream is a comparison against this, and a gain figure without a stated reference is meaningless.

  2. Fix the throat to the driver

    The throat area follows the radiating area of the source. Too wide and the coupling is lost; too narrow and the air in the throat becomes a restriction of its own.

  3. Choose the expansion

    Conical, exponential or tractrix — the flare law sets how smoothly impedance changes along the axis. A discontinuity anywhere is a reflection back toward the throat.

  4. Set the mouth from the lowest useful frequency

    The mouth must be large enough for the longest wavelength it is expected to load. Below that point the horn stops behaving as a horn and the response falls away.

  5. Cut it, then measure again

    Aluminium is unforgiving and final. The measured curve, not the intended one, decides whether the geometry was right.

Three dimensions carry the result

Length and finish are easy to discuss and change little. These three decide what the device does.

Throat coupling

Sets how much of the driver's work enters the horn at all. Get this wrong and no amount of length or mouth area recovers it.

Flare continuity

Decides whether energy travels to the mouth or returns as a standing wave. Smoothness matters more than the particular curve chosen.

Mouth area

Fixes the low-frequency limit. This is the dimension that makes a desk-sized horn a mid-and-treble device, not a bass device.

What the hardware looked like

The cradles were built for devices of their time — an iPhone 5 and an iPad 3 were current when these were machined. The geometry outlasts the fittings, which is why the pages above describe the horn rather than the dock.

The full product record, model by model →